Conventional therapies for the treatment of cancer mainly include (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Surgery is mainly limited to local solid tumors. If the tumor growth location is too complex it may not be effectively removed or the removal itself may be incomplete. Following surgery, further elimination of remaining microscopic cancers usually involves chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However radiotherapy has its limitations in that the solid tumor must be visible to the naked eye.

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​Chemotherapy is not specific and damages normal cells in the process of killing cancer cells. This not only reduces the patient's immune capacity and comes with serious side effects. In addition, long-term use of chemotherapeutic drugs may cause cancer cells to develop drug resistance, resulting in limited therapeutic effects.